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3.2.6 Global governance of the Earth’s oceans.

Activity 1

# Main question

How do security issues, such as the governance of oil transit choke points, affect maritime trade?

# Questions

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Describe the distribution of global oil transit choke-points shown on Resource A.

Evaluate the flow map on Resource B.

Use the evidence on Resource A, B and C to analyse the changes in the volume of oil that travelled through chokepoints between 2011 and 2016.

Suggest one reason why it is probable that oil transit choke points will have a reduced effect on maritime trade in the future.

- Resource A

  Data from a report published by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (August, 2017)

  Volume of crude oil and petroleum products transported through world chokepoints

  (million barrels per day)

  Source: https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=32292

- Resource B

  Daily transit volumes through world maritime oil chokepoints

  All estimates in million barrels per day. Includes crude oil and petroleum liquids. Based on 2016 data.

  Volume of crude oil and petroleum products transported through world chokepoints and the Cape of Good Hope, 2011-16 (million b/d)

  Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration https://www.eia.gov/beta/international/regions-topics.cfm?RegionTopicID=WOTC

- Resource C

  Locations | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016
  --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
  Strait of Hormuz | 17.0 | 16.8 | 16.6 | 16.9 | 17.0 | 18.5
  Strait of Malacca | 14.5 | 15.1 | 15.4 | 15.5 | 15.5 | 16.0
  Suez Canal and SUMED pipeline | 3.8 | 4.5 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 5.4 | 5.5
  Bab el-Mandab | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 4.8
  Danish Straits | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 3.2 | 3.2
  Turkish Straits | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.6 | 2.4 | 2.4
  Panama Canal | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 0.9
  Cape of Good Hope | 4.7 | 5.4 | 5.1 | 4.9 | 5.1 | 5.8
  World maritime oil trade | 55.5 | 56.4 | 56.5 | 56.4 | 58.9 | n/a
  World total petroleum and other liquids supply | 88.8 | 90.8 | 91.3 | 93.8 | 96.7 | 97.2

  Source: U.S. Energy Information Administrationhttps://www.eia.gov/beta/international/regions-topics.cfm?RegionTopicID=WOTC